Sapphire glass generally refers to synthetic sapphire, which has good comprehensive properties and is often used to replace other optical materials in the production of optical components and infrared optical windows. It can be used as an oxide substrate material. The main component is alumina, which, like tungsten titanium alloy and high-tech ceramics, is a wear-resistant material. Although these materials can resist wear and tear, they cannot withstand strong impacts. Meanwhile, some materials with the same or higher hardness may also cause damage.

Sapphire has a wide range of applications, such as being a practical substrate material for semiconductor diodes, an ideal window material for high-power lasers, and a laser substrate material. At present, various grades of sapphire, such as 80kg, 120kg, 150kg, etc., can be produced using temperature gradient method and bubble method. During the manufacturing process of sapphire, internal stress is inevitably generated. Especially for sapphire crystal rods, additional processing stress will be introduced after the digging process. Stress bearing sapphire ingots may experience problems such as large arc curvature and low cutting accuracy during cutting, which may increase the stress on the wafer cutting surface and lead to greater warping and arching of the wafer after cutting.

Sapphire glass is commonly used as a protective window for sensor detectors, with a chemical composition of Al2O3, which is a colorless and transparent crystalline material. Sapphire belongs to the hexagonal crystal system in crystallography, with the crystal space group R3C. Oxygen atoms and aluminum atoms are covalently bonded together. In the unit cell structure, O2- is tightly packed in a hexagonal shape, with the stacking layer perpendicular to the cubic axis. Due to its unique properties, such as hardness, scratch resistance, especially high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and acid and alkali resistance. It has good stability and is also transparent to infrared radiation. Applied in various fields, such as industry and scientific research, it is used in various photometers and spectrometers, and some are also used in reaction vessels, reaction vessels and other products.